====== std.hardware ======

Das ''std.hardware''-Paket enthält Treiber und Protokoll-Implementierungen für Hardware-Schnittstellen. Alle Units setzen direkt auf Kernel-Syscalls, AF_BLUETOOTH-Sockets, usbdevfs-ioctls oder MMIO-Register auf — keine externen Bibliotheken.

Einsatzbereiche: IoT-Geräte, eingebettete Linux-Systeme (Raspberry Pi 4), BLE-Sensoren, Classic-Bluetooth-Peripherie, USB-HID-Geräte, virtuelle serielle Ports (CDC/ACM), GPIO-Steuerung, Automotive-Systeme.

→ [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units|Standard Library]] · [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units:android|std.android]] · [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units:net|std.net]]

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===== Units im Überblick =====

Alle Units dieses Pakets im Überblick:

^ Unit ^ Import ^ Beschreibung ^
| [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units:hardware:bluetooth|std.hardware.bluetooth]] | ''import std.hardware.bluetooth;'' | Nativer Bluetooth-Stack: AF_BLUETOOTH-Sockets, BlueZ-D-Bus, BLE GATT, Classic RFCOMM — 9 Sub-Units |
| [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units:hardware:usb|std.hardware.usb]] | ''import std.hardware.usb_discovery;'' | Nativer USB-Stack: usbdevfs-ioctls, Control/Bulk/Interrupt/ISO-Transfers, typsichere EP-Wrapper, URB-Pool — 13 Sub-Units |
| [[lyx_-_programmiersprache:units:hardware:gpio|std.hardware.gpio]] | ''import std.hardware.gpio_mmio;'' | GPIO-Stack (RPi4/BCM2711): MMIO-Direktzugriff, Linux GPIO-v2 ioctl, SoftPWM, Edge-Detection — 8 Sub-Units |

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===== std.hardware.bluetooth — Architektur =====

Die Bluetooth-Unit deckt den gesamten Protokoll-Stack in Lyx-nativen Implementierungen ab:

^ Schicht ^ Sub-Unit ^ Beschreibung ^
| AI / Profile | ''bluetooth_ai'' | Typsichere GATT-Characteristic-Wrapper: ReadableChar, WritableChar, NotifiableChar |
| BLE GATT Client | ''bluetooth_gattc'' | GATT-Client: Services, Characteristics, Descriptors lesen/schreiben |
| BLE GATT Server | ''bluetooth_gatts'' | GATT-Server: GattServerRegister, GattServerHandleNext, GattServerSendNotification |
| BLE L2CAP + ATT | ''bluetooth_l2cap'' | L2CAP-Verbindungen + vollständiges ATT-Protokoll (Opcodes, Read/Write/Notify) |
| Classic RFCOMM | ''bluetooth_rfcomm'' | Serielle Verbindungen: RFCommConnect, RFCommSend, RFCommRecv, RFCommListen |
| BLE Scanner / Advertising / Mesh | ''bluetooth_ext'' | BLE Scanner, BLE Advertising, Mesh-Stub (BleScannerStart, BleAdvertisementRegister) |
| BlueZ D-Bus Steuerung | ''bluetooth_dbus'' | Discovery, Pairing, Connect via D-Bus: BlueZOpenConnection, BlueZStartDiscovery |
| Adresstypen | ''bluetooth_types'' | BDADDR-Typen, sockaddr_rc/l2, BTAddrFromBytes, BTAddrToStr |
| Socket-Grundschicht | ''bluetooth'' | AF_BLUETOOTH-Konstanten, HCI-ioctls, BTPROTO_*, poll-Flags |

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===== std.hardware.usb — Architektur =====

Der USB-Stack deckt alle Host-Transfers in 13 Sub-Units ab:

^ Schicht ^ Sub-Unit ^ Beschreibung ^
| High-Level / Sicherheit | ''usb_endpoint_types'' | Typsichere Endpoint-Wrapper (Bulk OUT/IN, Interrupt IN) |
| High-Level / Sicherheit | ''usb_endpoint_bind'' | Endpoint-Registry: Adressen per Schlüssel binden |
| Async-Infrastruktur | ''usb_urb_pool'' | URB-Pool (4 Slots) für überlappende Interrupt-Transfers |
| Async-Infrastruktur | ''usb_ifc_mgr'' | Idempotenter Interface-Claim/Release-Manager |
| Transfer-Schicht | ''usb_interrupt'' | Asynchrone Interrupt-Transfers (URB-basiert) |
| Transfer-Schicht | ''usb_iso'' | Isochronous Transfers (Audio/Video) |
| Transfer-Schicht | ''usb_bulk'' | Synchrone Bulk-Transfers |
| Transfer-Schicht | ''usb_control'' | Control-Transfers + Interface-Claim/Release-IOCTLs |
| Erkennung | ''usb_discovery'' | Geräteerkennung via /dev/bus/usb/ (VID/PID-Scan) |
| Descriptor-Parsing | ''usb_parse'' | Configuration-Descriptor-Strom → Config/Iface/EP-Baum |
| Typen & Accessoren | ''usb_types'' | Descriptor-Konstanten, Lyx-Structs, Accessor-Funktionen |
| Hilfstypen | ''usb_util'' | Dirent64-Parser, String-Utilities, Pfad-Builder |
| Grundschicht | ''usb_syscalls'' | open/read/write/ioctl/close/lseek/getdents64/poll-Wrapper |

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===== std.hardware.gpio — Architektur =====

Der GPIO-Stack unterstützt zwei komplementäre Zugriffsmodi für den Raspberry Pi 4 (BCM2711):

^ Schicht ^ Sub-Unit ^ Beschreibung ^
| Typsichere Wrapper | ''gpio_pin'' | OutputPin (nur Write) / InputPin (nur Read) — Compile-Time-Schutz |
| Erweiterungen | ''gpio_ext'' | Alt-Funktionen (ALT0–ALT5), Edge-Detection (poll), Software-PWM |
| Variante A: MMIO | ''gpio_mmio'' | Direktzugriff auf BCM2711-Register — kein Syscall nach GpioInit |
| Variante B: ioctl | ''gpio_ioctl'' | Linux GPIO-v2 API (Kernel ≥ 5.10) — Multi-Pin atomar, Consumer-Labels |
| Hilfsfunktionen | ''gpio_util'' | GpioDelayMicroseconds (CLOCK_MONOTONIC), GpioCopyStringToBuf |
| Plattform-Konstanten | ''rpi4'' | BCM2711 Register-Offsets, Pin-Modi, Pull-Codes (nur Konstanten) |
| Grundschicht | ''gpio_syscalls'' | open/close/ioctl/poll/mmap/munmap-Wrapper |
| Grundschicht | ''gpio_barriers'' | ARM64 DMB SY (mem_barrier) / ISB SY (inst_barrier) |

Letzte Aktualisierung: 2026-06-07